Explain The Different Computer Generation

The Computer Generation

''Generation'' in Computer refers to periodical technology advancement. It provide a framework for the growth of the computer industry. Formally the term 'Generation' was used to distinguish between various hardware technologies. But now days it has extended to include both the hardware and software that make up a computer system.

FEATURES OF DIFFERENT GENERATION COMPUTERS 

FIRST GENERATION

VACUUM TUBE   ( 1940-1956)

Vacuum Tube were the only electronic computers available during those days. Vacuume Tube technology made possible the advent of electronic digital computers. These computers were the fastest calculating devices of that time.

SECOND GENERATION

TRANSISTOR    ( 1956-1963) 

Smaller  in size as compared to first generation computers. These comp[uters  were able to reduce required computational times from milliseconds microseconds. 


THIRD GENERATION 

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT  (1964-1971)

Smaller in size as compared first generation computers, low heat generated IC chiops than second generation computers. These computers were able to reduce computational times from microseconds to nanno seconds.


FOURTH GENERATION 

MICRO CHIPS (1971-PRESENT)

Smaller in size because of high component density. No air conditioning than previous gener5ations. minimum labor and cost involved at assembly stage.

FIFTH GENERATION

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE  ( PRESENT AND BEYOND)

Previous generations had formed on increming number of logic elements in a single CPU. where asin this generating the main focus was to increases the system performance by margine numbers of CPU.

CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS

CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS

Computers have some significant characteristics for which they have become more and more versatile day by day. They have several capabilities and some limitation which are as follows: 

Capabilities

1. SPEED : A computers works one step at a time. it can add and subtract numbers, compare letters to determine alphabetic sequence, and move and copy number and letters. Computers can carry out instructions in less than millionth of a second. it speeds are mesured in mili, micro, nano and pico.

2. ACCURACY  : In addition to being very fast, Computers can also calculate very accurately. The circuits in a computer have no mechanical parts to wear and malfunction. Performing their thousands of millionths of operation send these circuits can run errorless for day at a time, if mistake occure in any calculation, they are due to human error like feeding wrong data and instruction given to nthe Computers.

3. REPETITIVENESS : A computers are capable of performing any task given to them repetitively. If any calculation has to be done a Million times a computers will do so with the same speed and accuracy without halting in between.

4. AUTOMATICITY : A computers is autonatic. Once we give approriate instruction to a computers it perform all the necessary tasks untill it meets the 'STOP' instruction.

5. STORAGE CAPACITY  :  computers has the capability to store large amount of data and instruction and supply the store information to us when we ask for it. The secondary storage deviced like Magnetic taps. are used to store data and information, 

6. VERSATILITY  :  Computers seems capable of performing almost anything provide that the task can be reduced to a series of logical steps.  

What is a elements of Computers system ?

What is a elements of Computers system ? 

Computers can be classified into two categories. 

(a)  Classification according to the Logic units.

(b)  Classification according to  Size.

Classification according to the Logic Units.

Analog Computeres
These computers  recognize data as a continuous measurement of a Physical property. Their output is usually in the form of reading on dials or graphs. Voltage, P[ressure, speed and temperature are some physical properties that can be measured in this way.

Example
(a) A services Station gasonline pump contain an analog processor that connects fuel flow measurement into quality and price values. 
(b) Automobile speed meter, etc.


DigitaL Computers 

These are high speed programmable electronic device that perform Mathematical calculation compare value and store the results. They recognize data by counting discrete signals representimg either a high { on } or low {  Off } voltage state of state  of electronic. Numbers, alphabets and special sysbols can all be reduced to representation by 1s and 0s.  

example

(a) Personal Computers

(b) Score board that directly counts discrete value such as the time left to play and the score of each team.


Hybrid computers

Hybrid Computers combine the beast features of analog and Digital computers. They have the speed of analog computers and the accuracy of the digital computers. They are usually used for special problems in which input data derived from measurements are converted into digits and processed by computers. 



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What is Computer ? - Computers Knowledge

What is Computer ?

 A computer is a electronic machine for storing and manipulating data according to a program,algorithem or list of instructions.

Computers take numerous physical forms. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers. Today, computers can be made small enough to fit into a wrist watch and be powered from batter. Society has come to recognize personal computers and their portable equivalent, the laptop computer, as icons of the information age, they are what most people think of as '' a computers'' . However , the most common form of computers in use today is by far the embedded computer. Embedded computers are small, simple devices that are often used to control other devices -- For example, thet may be found in machines ranging from fighter aircraft to industrial robots, digital camera, and even children's toys.


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